闪长岩单轴加载过程中声发射和弹性波速度变化规律的研究

为研究闪长岩在单轴加载过程中的声发射和各向波速变化规律,在单轴阶段加载和循环阶段加载条件下,对闪长岩岩样破裂过程中的声发射累计数、不同应力水平不同方向的波速、切线模量、轴向应变速率进行了研究。实验结果表明:(1)随着应力水平的增高,声发射事件数不断增加,在高应力水平(约80%峰值强度)时,声发射累计数急剧增多,随后切线模量出现震荡变化。(2)在加载过程中,压密程度及裂纹扩展方向对波速产生了巨大的影响,导致不同方向波速在不同的应力水平呈现出不同的变化规律,由此可以推测破裂面位置和破裂模式。在较高应力水平下(约60%峰值强度),平行于加载方向的波速趋于稳定,而垂直于加载方向的波速则持续下降,故用垂直于加载方向传播的波速预测岩石的破坏更具可靠性。(3)随着应力的增加,应变速率有逐渐减小的趋势,但临近岩石破裂时无异常变化出现,说明利用变形观测难以预测此类岩石的破坏。以上研究表明,根据纵波波速、声发射累计数和切线模量的变化可以有效预测岩石的破坏。     

Influence of Musa acuminate bio-filler on the thermal,mechanical and visco-elastic behavior of poly (propylene) carbonate biocomposites

Biocomposites were fabricated using poly(propylene) carbonate as matrix and cellulosic polysaccharide banana (Musa acuminate) peel powder as filler in varying concentrations (5–25?wt.%) and were characterized for their functional properties. Microscopic analysis indicated the uniform distribution and existence of microfibrils in the filler. The thermal stability of the composites was lower than the matrix till 320?°C, beyond which it increased. The visco-elastic and mechanical behavior of the biocomposites was found to be enhanced with the addition of fillers. Thus, with better thermal, visco-elastic, and mechanical properties, the biocomposite films can be a replacement for the non-biodegradable polymers for packaging applications.     

缠结拓扑限制作用对凝胶杆屈曲的影响

当前对聚合物凝胶失稳现象的研究大多是基于Flory-Rehner弹性凝胶理论,并未考虑凝胶网络链段相互缠绕引起的物理交联对凝胶弹性网络自由能的影响．因此,本文采用了一个新的,包含网络缠结拓扑限制作用的凝胶自由能函数,在此基础上计算交联网链数密度与滑动环数密度的比值、不可伸展参数、滑移参数对聚合物凝胶的折合增量模量的影响,并给出了不同长细比凝胶杆的临界屈曲应力．研究结果表明：交联网链数密度与滑动环数密度的比值、不可伸展参数越大,增量模量越大,而滑移参数越大,增量模量越小;凝胶杆的长细比越大,临界屈曲应力越小．     

圆管截面齐次广义屈服函数与结构极限承载力

为克服圆管截面广义屈服准则不满足比例加载条件,导致采用弹性模量调整法求解该类结构极限承载力时存在计算结果受荷载初值影响、计算精度受损等问题,利用回归分析和最小二乘法研究建立了圆管截面广义屈服函数的齐次多项式,通过误差分析确定了齐次化多项式的阶次;据此定义了圆管截面薄壁构件的单元承载比、承载比均匀度和基准承载比,为高承载比薄壁单元的判别及其弹性模量调整提供了动态判据,进而依据能量守恒准则建立了以单元承载比为基本参数的模量调整公式,结合下限原理提出了圆管截面薄壁结构极限承载力分析的弹性模量缩减法。研究表明,选取齐次化多项式的广义屈服函数能更加准确地考虑各项内力对结构极限承载力的综合影响,具有良好的计算精度和效率,可应用于复杂圆管截面薄壁结构的极限承载力分析中。     

Dynamics of Polymer Networks with Strong Differences in the Viscous Characteristics of their Crosslinks and Strands

We study theoretically the relaxation properties of polymer networks, whose monomers and junction sites have different friction parameters (ζ and ζ_jun, respectively). For this, we focus on topologically regular cubic networks built from “bead‐and‐spring” Rouse chains. Setting σ = ζ_jun/ζ, we determine analytically both the eigenvalues and the eigenmodes of the model for arbitrary values of σ. This allows us to extend previous approaches (Macromolecules 2000 , 33, 6578) which were restricted by the condition σ = 3. We compute the frequency dependent storage, G′(ω), and loss, G″(ω), moduli (which for σ ≫ 3 or σ ≪ 3 display two plateaus and two maxima, respectively) and also the mean‐square displacements of the network junctions and of the beads; these turn out to obey power laws, whose validity ranges depend on σ.

     

垂直沉积干燥薄膜的剪切模量粒径依赖研究

作者前期在关于胶体颗粒粒径对干燥薄膜的初始裂纹形成影响的研究论文中报道了:对于相同厚度薄膜的初始裂纹,其裂纹间距随颗粒粒径的增大而减小.本文从这一实验现象出发,针对垂直沉积干燥薄膜的剪切模量进行了进一步的理论分析.结果表明此薄膜的剪切模量同样具有粒径依赖的特性.同时,通过与颗粒聚集体材料剪切模量的粒径依赖性的比较,我们发现二者有所差异,这表明干燥薄膜的剪切模量不仅仅由其固相部分决定,其液相部分的影响不可忽视.     

复合材料层合板静压痕接触的等效弹性模量

在复合材料层合板静压痕接触问题中,由于层合板接触区域的纤维走向发生了变化,导致沿厚度方向的弹性模量产生变化并随着凹坑深度的增加而增大。本文建立压头压入后的力学分析模型,得到了与凹坑深度相关的沿厚度方向的等效弹性模量;将等效弹性模量代入目前被广泛接受的修正Hertz接触理论,建立了新的接触力与凹坑深度的关系式。通过与静压痕试验中接触力和凹坑深度的关系进行比较,结果表明该接触关系式能较好地描述接触力和凹坑深度的关系。与文献修正理论相比,在压痕较小时,本文的修正结果较好。     

线性互补问题基于模同步块多重分裂方法的收敛性

通过利用不动点迭代来研究线性互补问题,根据基模同步多重分裂迭代方法将其线性互补问题的系数矩阵是点的形式推广到块H+的形式,并且分析了当系数矩阵是块矩阵时线性互补问题解的收敛情况。     

Oliver–Pharr indentation method in determining elastic moduli of shape memory alloys—A phase transformable material

Instrumented indentation test has been extensively applied to study the mechanical properties such as elastic modulus of different materials. The Oliver–Pharr method to measure the elastic modulus from an indentation test was originally developed for single phase materials. During a spherical indentation test on shape memory alloys (SMAs), both austenite and martensite phases exist and evolve in the specimen due to stress-induced phase transformation. The question, “What is the measured indentation modulus by using the Oliver–Pharr method from a spherical indentation test on SMAs?” is answered in this paper. The finite element method, combined with dimensional analysis, was applied to simulate a series of spherical indentation tests on SMAs. Our numerical results indicate that the measured indentation modulus strongly depends on the elastic moduli of the two phases, the indentation depth, the forward transformation stress, the transformation hardening coefficient and the maximum transformation strain. Furthermore, a method based on theoretical analysis and numerical simulation was established to determine the elastic moduli of austenite and martensite by using the spherical indentation test and the Oliver–Pharr method. Our numerical experiments confirmed that the proposed method can be applied in practice with satisfactory accuracy. The research approach and findings can also be applied to the indentation of other types of phase transformable materials.     

双(N-甲基乙酰氨基)二甲基硅烷的合成与扩链效应

由于高层建筑及大型混凝土设施接缝的特殊工程要求,使低模量、高延伸率的新型有机硅建筑密封材料成为近年来追求的目标．从理论上讲,加入合适的扩链剂(Chain extender),可使有机硅密封材料在交联的同时分子链线形加长、交联点减少、网络拓扑结构改变．通过改变交联点的疏密与分布,